Which of the following can lead to a role becoming redundant?

A role becomes redundant when it is no longer necessary for the operation of the organization. This can arise for various reasons, but significant factors include technological advancements and organizational restructuring, such as mergers.

Technological change often automates tasks that were previously performed by employees, reducing the need for specific roles. For example, if a company introduces automation software that can handle data entry tasks, the position dedicated to this role may become obsolete. Similarly, during a merger, companies may streamline operations by eliminating duplicate roles or transitioning to a new structure, which can also lead to redundancies.

In contrast, appraising employee performance, employee promotions, and increased sales do not inherently lead to redundancy. Performance appraisals are primarily for assessing and improving employee effectiveness and do not typically eliminate roles. Promotions can actually create new opportunities within the organization rather than eliminate them. Increased sales and production often require additional staffing or resources, which does not contribute to making roles redundant. Therefore, technological change and mergers are the primary drivers of role redundancy in a business context.